LITERATURE REVIEW 📚
What is a literature review?
A literature review:
· Is a survey of literature such as books, articles, write-ups and other sources that helps us to address the important issues, theories and concepts relevant to the our research area.
· We examined sources relevant to a research area and aimed to provide a critical evaluation and summary of them.
· We critically analysed the information gathered by us through identifying gaps in current knowledge; through showing limitations of theories and points of view; and through formulating areas for further research and reviewing areas of controversy.
Why do Literature Review?
⚠️Importance of literature review⚠️:
1. Assessment of the current state of research topic:
- A search of relevant information sources.
- Helps us determine what is already known about the topic and how extensively the topic has already been researched.
2. Identification of the experts on a particular topic:
- Quick reveal which researcher have written the most on a particular topic and are, therefore, probably the experts on the topic.
- Experts and publications can be a key resource for reference and consultation.
3. Identification of key questions about a topic that need further research:
- New discovery/ research gaps that requires further explanation.
4. Its helps steer clear of inadvertent plagiarism:
- Helps to protect us against any charges of plagiarism.
- Saves us time, effort and resources.
Good Literature Review:👍
- Sources extracted by us must be relevant (answers the question) and reliable (based on strong evidence, can be done through cross referencing with 3 other sources)
- We must lay a strong foundation for research topic.
- We should be narrow enough to eliminate irrelevant information.
- We should be wide enough to cover enough information required too the subject.
- We should strike a balance between sources supporting and opposing a particular aspect/argument.
Topic decided💭:
|
Environmental
|
Beauty/Clothing |
Food |
|
·
Sea water level rising due to climate change. ·
Incomplete use of solar energy. |
·
Shoes and socks getting wet on rainy days. ·
Getting fabric lint out of the lint tray from
the dryer. ·
Unremovable stains on fabric. ·
Difficulty painting nails properly. ·
Getting hair perfect in the morning. |
·
The short shelf life of bread. ·
The increase amount on food waste in landfills. ·
Slow food growth. ·
Unsustainable food. |
|
Outing accessories |
Electronic
devices |
Animals |
|
·
Heavy backpack. ·
Painful hand grips on handbags. |
·
Heavy electronic devices. ·
Imperfect lighting when taking pictures. |
·
Picking up the fecal matter of pets. ·
High mortality rates of many pets. |
Resources📋:
|
No. |
Resource Type Peer-reviewed journals,
Internet search engines, books, etc. |
Title Article title, book
title, etc. |
Author(s) |
Methodology Experimental,
non-experimental, survey, interview, qualitative, etc. |
|
1 |
Peer review journal |
Food Waste to Energy: An Overview of
Sustainable Approaches for Food Waste Management and Nutrient Recycling |
Kunwar Paritosh |
Experimental, Survey |
|
2 |
Peer review journal |
Valorization
of food waste to biofuel: current trends and technological challenges |
Sanjib Kumar Karmee |
Interview Qualitative |
|
3 |
Internet Search |
Turning food waste back into food |
University of California, Riverside |
Experimental |
|
4 |
Internet search |
Transforming food waste: making
something out of rubbish |
Larissa Fedunik-Hofman |
Experimental |
|
5 |
Book |
Wasted: When trash becomes treasure |
Katie Treggiden |
Qualitative, Survey |
|
6 |
Peer review journal |
Turning
food waste to energy and resources towards a great environmental and economical
sustainability: An innovative integrated biological approach |
Yingqun Ma, Yu Liu |
Experimental, Qualitative |
|
No. |
Currency of Research State the year of publication |
Main Research Question(s) |
Major Finding(s) |
Similarity |
|
1 |
2017 |
· How
can we tackle accumulation of food wastes? ·
What are the key parameters affecting sustainable approaches to
chemical processing of food wastes? · Why
are we specifically targeting the recycling of food waste? ·
Why are we not adopting the proper practice of food waste disposal? |
·
Food Waste is a complex substrate of heterogenous nature. · There
are many key parameters that can affect the quality of food waste being
reprocessed into a sustainable product. ·
Nearly 1.3 billion tonnes of food produce are lost annually. ·
Dumping of these wastes can cause severe health and environmental
issues |
Similar to peer review journal 2, it
is stated that dumping waste can cause severe health and environmental issues
due to leachate that is generated during rainfall, as well as methane gas production,
which is a greenhouse gas. |
|
2 |
2017 |
· How
to produce more fuel with finite resources of petroleum? · How
to turn food waste into biodiesel and bioethanol? · Is food waste expensive to treat? |
· Technologies are available to produce biodiesel
and bioethanol in industrial scale. · With proper financial and policy
based supports from government, food waste biorefineries can be realized. |
There has been similarities with mainly peer
review journal 6, there has landfills have been causing scarcity of land. |
|
3 |
2021 |
· Are
bacteria growth benefited with the introduction of food waste? · Why
are plants more resistant to pathogens when fermented food waste is added? · Why
have not companies made use of this strategy in farming? |
· Bacteria
strive in food waste, because of the availability of carbon. ·
Beneficial microbes increase when fermented food waste and compost is added
to plant growing systems. ·
Many companies are not developing novel agricultural practices despite
facing many challenges in farming. |
It is also stated in peer review 6 that microbes benefit in fermentation and aerobic composting. This adds value towards plant growing systems |
|
4 |
2020 |
· Why
is there a demand to make functional materials using food waste? · How
to generate sustainable energy using food waste? · Why
are technologies not yet developed to industrialise upscaling of waste
material? |
· Fruits
and vegetables are often rich in bioactive phytochemicals. · Many
substrates and nutrients can be extracted from food waste and eventually
upscaled into pharmaceuticals, and supplements. ·
Innovating ways to transform food waste is not priority, as compared to
avoiding food waste. |
|
|
5 |
2020 |
· Are
we overconsuming? · Has
our human overactivity led to our own demise in the near future? |
· There
are designers thinking out of the box to engineer and create something out of
waste. · Using
waste as a natural resource, new designers have started embarking on a new
source of resource to power our future. |
|
|
6 |
2019 |
· Why is the current solution for food waste
management considered unsustainable? · Why is the method id aerobic composting of
food waste environmentally unsustainable? · Is today’s technology infantile in the
production of valuable organic products from food waste? |
· Yearly projection of 10% increase in
unstable food waste in China alone · Aerobic composting has many advantages,
however there are many secondary pollutants and the retention time for
composting requires weeks. · Developments for food waste to turn into
value added bioactive nutraceuticals are still undergoing and are far from
industrial applications |
Similar to internet search 4, many companies
have not been developing novel agricultural practices perhaps due to the lack
of development in industrial application |
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